![]() Health equity is attainment of the highest level of health for all people. “Health equity” or “equity in health” implies that ideally everyone should have a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential ( 24). Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group religion socioeconomic status sex age mental health cognitive, sensory, or physical disability sexual orientation or gender identity geographic location or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion ( 16).Įquity is the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically or by other means of stratification. This review concludes with recommendations for linkages across health care and community sectors from national advisory committees, recommendations for diabetes research, and recommendations for research to inform practice.Ī particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. The literature review focuses primarily on U.S.-based studies of adults with diabetes and on five SDOH: socioeconomic status (education, income, occupation) neighborhood and physical environment (housing, built environment, toxic environmental exposures) food environment (food insecurity, food access) health care (access, affordability, quality) and social context (social cohesion, social capital, social support). This article begins with an overview of key definitions and SDOH frameworks. Toward the goal ofunderstanding and advancing opportunities for health improvement among the population with diabetes through addressing SDOH, ADA convened the current SDOH and diabetes writing committee, prepandemic, to review the literature on 1) associations of SDOH with diabetes risk and outcomes and 2) impact of interventions targeting amelioration of SDOH on diabetes outcomes. In 2013, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a scientific statement on socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes ( 15). In diabetes, understanding and mitigating the impact of SDOH are priorities due to disease prevalence, economic costs, and disproportionate population burden ( 12– 14). ![]() In the wake of concurrent pandemic and racial injustice events in the U.S., the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society of General Internal Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, and other professional organizations have published statements on SDOH ( 5– 8), and calls to action focus on amelioration of these determinants at individual, organizational, and policy levels ( 9– 11). Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted unequal vulnerabilities borne by racial and ethnic minority groups and by disadvantaged communities. ![]() With a health care shift toward greater emphasis on population health outcomes and value-based care, social determinants of health (SDOH) have risen to the forefront as essential intervention targets to achieve health equity ( 2– 4). disproportionately, with relatively intractable patterns seen in these populations’ higher risk of diabetes and rates of diabetes complications and mortality ( 1). Decades of research have demonstrated that diabetes affects racial and ethnic minority and low-income adult populations in the U.S.
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